I think there is a most interesting, valuable and quite relevant lesson to be learned from this week's Parasha (as there is from every parsha!). While I know that virtually everyone will be writing about the Aseret Hadibrot (not the \"Ten Commandments,\" as it is erroneously translated, but, rather, the \"Ten Sayings\"), the focus here is going to be on an enigmatic Rashi at the beginning of the sedreh.
On the first Rashi (Ex: 18:1), where Yitro's name is mentioned, Rashi tells us that Yitro had seven names: Reu'el, Yeter, Yitro, Chovav...et. al. The first name for which Rashi gives us a reason is Yeter: \"Al shem sheyatar parsha achat b'Torah: 've'atah techezeh',\" that his name Yeter was given because he was meritorious to have one section added into the Torah, i.e. the section known as \"ve'atah techezeh.\"
The words \"ve'atah techezeh\" appear in Shemot 18:21, where Yitro outlines the scenario for how the court system should be set up. He describes the qualifications needed for the position of being part of the legal and judiciary system: \"anshei chayil, yirei Elokim, anshei emet, sonei batzah\" (\"Able men, G-d fearing men, men of truth, people who hate injustice\"), how the hierarchical structure should be established: \"V'samtah aleihaem sarei alaphim, sarei me'ot, sarei chamishim v'sarei assarot.\" (\"Courts of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties and of tens\") and how they should go about their duties.
It is fascinating, and a major question addressed by many meforshim, that when Moshe actually went out to implement Yitro's sagacious suggestions, we are told (Shemot 18:24-25) \"V'ya'as kol asher amar...vayivchar Moshe anshei chayil mikol Yisroel...\" Moshe did as his father-in-law had stated, but chose only anshei chayil, \"able men.\" The various meforshim debate as to why the other qualifications and prerequisites were either disregarded, subsumed or, simply, not available.
What is interesting is that this section actually does NOT begin here. Usually we refer to a section, a parsha or a sedreh by using its opening words (e.g. Yitro, Bo, Beshalach, etc.) This section actually starts several sentences earlier with pasuk 17: \"Vayomer choten Moshe eilav, lo tov hadavar asher atah oseh.\" Yitro's statement actually begins with the words, \"what you are doing is no good.\" So, why is this section called \"ve'atah techezeh\" and not \"lo tov,\" Yitro's actual opening words?
From a psychological point of view and perspective, the answer, I believe, lies in the fact that it is very easy to go around telling people what they're doing incorrectly. It is easy to criticize, condemn and censure. It does not take much effort to disapprove of someone else, or to disparage other human beings. It takes little to say \"lo tov hadavar asher atah oseh,\" \"what you are doing is no good.\"
However, this does not make anyone meritorious for anything. It is only when one proactively \"steps up the plate,\" comes up with a positive scenario and suggestion, only when one caringly and carefully supplies constructive criticism, only when one delicately provides details for the development of a program and project--only THEN does one become meritorious and praiseworthy--only THEN does one actually reach the heights of a madreigah of having a whole section added in the Torah in your name. This, then, is why the section is called \"ve'atah techezeh\" and why Rashi stresses the name Yeter in his commentary, for it is only when Yitro focused his remarks on proactive input, practical application and positive involvement that he could earn his eternal place in our Torah.
If, in fact, there is any truth to the aforementioned notion, it should serve as a powerful lesson to us. The incident should be a role model worth emulating. We should be careful, not only of lashon harah, but also of not providing verbiage which could be construed as undermining, undercutting and demoralizing. We should always position ourselves for enhancement and improvement in positive ways, both intrapersonally and interpersonally.
So, thank you, Yeter!
\r\nRabbi Rosensweig was appointed a Rosh Yeshiva, a member of the RIETS faculty, in 1985. He has written extensively, contributing to numerous journals of Torah learning.
\r\nRabbi Rosensweig received his semikha (rabbinic ordination) fromYeshiva University’s affiliated Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary (RIETS) and was a distinguished fellow of its post-semikha institute, the Gruss Kollel Elyon. He received his undergraduate degree from Yeshiva College and earned his Ph.D. in medieval Jewish history from the University’s Bernard Revel Graduate School while studying under Professor Haym Soloveitchik. He was also a student of Rav Aharon Lichtenstein, renowned Talmudic scholar and rosh yeshiva at Yeshivat Har Etzion and director of RIETS’ Joseph and Caroline Gruss Institute in Jerusalem.
\r\nIn 1985, Rabbi Rosensweig was appointed rosh yeshiva in the Yeshiva Program/Mazer School of Talmudic Studies, one of four undergraduate Jewish studies divisions for men at Yeshiva University. At the time, he was RIETS’ youngest rosh yeshiva.\r\nIn 1997, Rabbi Rosensweig was appointed rosh kollel (Dean) of the prestigious Israel Henry Beren Institute for Higher Talmudic Studies (Ha-Machon ha-Gavohah le’Talmud) at RIETS.","landingPageURL":"https://yutorah.org/teachers/Rabbi-Michael-Rosensweig"}],"shiurSubcategories":[234019],"shiurSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurGroupedSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurTags":"Yisro, drishas, elokim","ShiurIsFile":true,"shiurMaterials":[],"shiurLastViewed":null,"shiurIsPlayed":false,"shiurBookmarkTimeStamp":null,"shiurDatePlayed":null,"shiurProgressPercent":null,"shiurDataHref":"https://yutorah.org/sidebar/lecturedata?shiurID=755741","shiurCanBeDownloaded":1,"shiurDuration":"22 min","shiurHref":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/755741/Drishas-Elokim","mediaTypeCategory":"audio","downloadURL":"https://download.yutorah.org/2011/1112/755741/drishas-elokim.mp3","shiurDateSubmittedFormatted":"2011-01-30","shiurDateSubmittedText":"Jan 30, 2011","shiurDateSubmittedText2":"Jan 30, 2011","shiurInSpotLight":false,"shiurVisible":true,"shiurSpotlightDate":null,"shiurUserId":1112},{"shiurID":706156,"shiurTitle":"לפ' יתרו תשס\"א - ז' מעלות בדיין","shiurDescription":null,"shiurText":"לפ' יתרו תשס\"א - ז' מעלות בדיין
\n
\nא. עי' רמב\"ם פ\"ב סנהדרין ה\"ז:
\n
\n\"בית דין של שלשה אף על פי שאין מדקדקין בהן בכל אלו הדברים צריך שיהא בכל אחד מהן שבעה דברים ואלו הן: חכמה, וענוה, ויראה, ושנאת ממון, ואהבת האמת, ואהבת הבריות להן, ובעלי שם טוב, וכל אלו הדברים מפורשין הן בתורה, הרי הוא אומר אנשים חכמים ונבונים הרי בעלי חכמה אמור, וידועים לשבטיכם אלו שרוח הבריות נוחה מהם, ובמה יהיו אהובים לבריות בזמן שיהיו בעלי עין טובה, ונפש שפלה, וחברתן טובה, ודבורן ומשאן בנחת עם הבריות, ולהלן הוא אומר אנשי חיל אלו שהן גבורים במצות ומדקדקים על עצמם וכובשין את יצרן עד שלא יהא להן שום גנאי ולא שם רע ויהא פרקן נאה, ובכלל אנשי חיל שיהיה להן לב אמיץ להציל עשוק מיד עושקו כענין שנאמר ויקם משה ויושיען, ומה משה רבינו עניו אף כל דיין צריך להיות עניו, יראי אלהים כמשמעו, שונאי בצע אף ממון שלהם אינן נבהלין עליו, ולא רודפין לקבץ הממון, שכל מי שהוא נבהל להון חסר יבואנו, אנשי אמת שיהיו רודפין אחר הצדק מחמת עצמן בדעתן, אוהבין את האמת ושונאין את החמס ובורחין מכל מיני העול עכ\"ל.\"
\n
\nב. ויש לעיין בהא ד\"מציל עשוק מיד עשקו\" למה היה צריך הרמב\"ם להדגים הדבר במשה כלל. ועוד, אם בא להביא מגבורות משה להציל עשוק כו' יותר היה לו להביא המעשה של \"ויך את המצרי\".
\n
\nג. עוד קשה מה שכתב הרמב\"ם שדיין צריך להיות עניו כמשה, והרי יתרו לא אמר זה כלל.
\n
\nד. \"יתרו על שייתר פרשה אחת בתורה\", אין הכונה לפרשת מינוי הדיינים שהרי בא על זה פרשה אחרת דשופטים ושוטרים כו'. רק ייתר הפרשה דז' דברים שצריכים להיות בדיין. ועל ידי זה נתמנו דיינים בחיי משה. והיינו דבודאי לא היו בישראל ראויים כמשה לדון את ישראל, אבל יתרו אמר דיש למצוא המעלות של משה ולמצוא אנשים שיש להן אותן המעלות בזעיר אנפין. וזה היה צ\"ל דוקא ע\"י יתרו כי כלל ישראל לא ידעו את משה מקרוב כלל, כי גדל בבית המלך ואח\"כ בא כשליח ה' ושכינה מדברת מתוך גרונו כו'. ולא ידעו מי הוא משה ומה הן המעלות האישיות שלו שעל ידן גדל להיות משה רבינו ע\"ה. אבל יתרו הכירו מקרוב שהיה חתנו. ולכן יתרו בא לתמצת את מעליותיו של משה.
\n
\nה. ולכן הוצרך הרמב\"ם לבאר איפה מצינו במשה מעלת גבור חיל להציל עשוק כו'. ולא הביא הא דויך את המצרי, דאת זה לא ראה יתרו, רק יתרו הכיר את גבורתו של משה להציל עשוק כו' ממה שהציל את בנותיו.
\n
\nו. והנה שאר המעלות של משה רבינו היה צריך יתרו להגיד, אבל על ענוותנו העיד הכתוב \"והאיש משה עניו כו'\", וממילא לא היה צריך יתרו לומר זה, וממילא מובן מאליו שדיין צ\"ל עניו כיון שדורשים ממנו מעין המעלות דמשה, וק\"ל.
\n","shiurDate":"2008-08-03T00:00:00","shiurDateSubmitted":null,"shiurMediaType":"HTML","shiurLectureURL":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/706156/לפ'-יתרו-תשס\"אז'-מעלות-בדיין","shiurURL":null,"shiurLanguage":"HE","shiurFileURL":null,"shiurLengthDate":null,"shiurLength":null,"shiurSeries":null,"shiurSeriesName":null,"shiurVenueName":null,"shiurVenue":null,"shiurPublication":null,"shiurTeachers":[{"shiurID":706156,"teacherID":80177,"teacherName":"Rabbi Eli Baruch Shulman","teacherPhotoURL":"https://cdnyutorah.cachefly.net/_images/roshei_yeshiva/eliyahu_shulman.jpg","teacherAlbumURL":"https://cdnyutorah.cachefly.net/_images/roshei_yeshiva/Eliahu Shulman.jpg","teacherEmail":"elibaruchshulman@gmail.com\r\n","teacherBio":"Rabbi Eli Baruch Shulman serves as a Rosh Yeshiva at RIETS, holds the Rabbi Henry H. Guterman chair in Talmud, and is the rabbi of the Young Israel of Midwood in Brooklyn, NY. He also served as an editor of the Schottenstein/Artscroll Talmud. He received his rabbinic education in the yeshivot of Mir, Lakewood and Beis Yosef. His ongoing series of seforim, under the title Yesamach Av, can be found here.","landingPageURL":"https://yutorah.org/teachers/Rabbi-Eli-Baruch-Shulman"}],"shiurSubcategories":[234019,234219],"shiurSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurGroupedSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurTags":"Yisro","ShiurIsFile":false,"shiurMaterials":[],"shiurLastViewed":null,"shiurIsPlayed":false,"shiurBookmarkTimeStamp":null,"shiurDatePlayed":null,"shiurProgressPercent":null,"shiurDataHref":"https://yutorah.org/sidebar/lecturedata?shiurID=706156","shiurCanBeDownloaded":1,"shiurDuration":"","shiurHref":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/706156/לפ'-יתרו-תשס\"אז'-מעלות-בדיין","mediaTypeCategory":"text","downloadURL":"","shiurDateSubmittedFormatted":"2004-10-27","shiurDateSubmittedText":"Oct 27, 2004","shiurDateSubmittedText2":"Oct 27, 2004","shiurInSpotLight":false,"shiurVisible":true,"shiurSpotlightDate":null,"shiurUserId":944},{"shiurID":767853,"shiurTitle":"Yisro - Vayehi Mimacharas - Appointment of Judges - Minu'i Dayanim - Part 1","shiurDescription":"with appreciation to Rabbi David Etengoff for collecting and cataloging these shiurim.","shiurText":null,"shiurDate":"1973-01-29T00:00:00","shiurDateSubmitted":null,"shiurMediaType":"MP3","shiurLectureURL":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/767853/YisroVayehi-MimacharasAppointment-of-JudgesMinu'i-DayanimPart-1","shiurURL":"/1973/1053/767853.MP3","shiurLanguage":"EN","shiurFileURL":"https://shiurim.yutorah.net/1973/1053/767853.MP3?redirect=download.yutorah.org","shiurLengthDate":"1900-01-01T01:33:41.977","shiurLength":"01:33:41.9770000","shiurSeries":null,"shiurSeriesName":null,"shiurVenueName":null,"shiurVenue":null,"shiurPublication":null,"shiurTeachers":[{"shiurID":767853,"teacherID":80186,"teacherName":"Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik","teacherPhotoURL":"https://cdnyutorah.cachefly.net/_images/roshei_yeshiva/yosef_d._soloveichik.jpg","teacherAlbumURL":"https://cdnyutorah.cachefly.net/_images/roshei_yeshiva/_default.jpg","teacherEmail":null,"teacherBio":"Rabbi Soloveitchik was born in Pruzhan, Poland, the son of Rabbi Moshe Soloveitchik zt’l, and grandson of Rabbi Chaim HaLevi zt’l. At the time, Rabbi Moshe was living with his father-in-law, Rabbi Eliyahu Feinstein zt’I, rabbi of Pruzhan and author of Teshuvot Halichot Eliyahu. Rabbi Yosef Dov studied with his father, whom he considered to be his foremost teacher, until the age of 23. In the final year of Rabbi Chaim’s life, he moved to Warsaw where his son, Rabbi Moshe, was living at the time. During that year, Rabbi Yosef Dov studied together with his vaunted grandfather. Several years later he began university studies in Berlin while continuing his immersion in Torah. In Berlin, he met Rabbi Chaim Heller zt’l, with whom he developed a close and lasting relationship. He also encountered Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson zt’l who was later appointed the rebbe of Chabad.\r\n
\r\nDuring this period, Rabbi Yosef Dov made frequent visits to the city of Vilna where he became a favorite of Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzinski and other leading Lithuanian gaonim. In 1932, he moved to America and settled in Boston. He founded Yeshivat Rambam—the Maimonides School—and delivered weekly shiurim there for many years. In 1941, he succeeded his father, upon the latter’s passing, as rosh yeshiva at the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, commuting from Boston to New York each week. His shiurim in halakhah and aggadah, which reached to the ends of the Jewish world, made a profound impact on Torah learning in our times. They continued for decades until he was compelled to stop due to an illness which overtook him several years before his demise. In addition to the shiurim which he delivered at the yeshiva and in Boston, he delivered a shiur every Tuesday evening at the Moriah Synagogue in Manhattan to overflow audiences.\r\n
\r\nRabbi Yosef Dov served as the Honorary President of the Agudath HaRabbonim of America, and became the rebbe and chief mentor of the Rabbinic Council of America (RCA), as well as the chief intellectual and spiritual force of Mizrachi, at whose gatherings he delivered lectures several times every year.\r\n
\r\nAfter the passing of his wife z’l in 1967, he began giving additional shiurim during the summer months in Boston to his students and to the RCA.\r\n
\r\nRabbi Yosef Dov was the most influential figure associated with the spread of Torah in America, and he was singularly known as “the Rav.”","landingPageURL":"https://yutorah.org/teachers/Rabbi-Joseph-B.-Soloveitchik"}],"shiurSubcategories":[234019],"shiurSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurGroupedSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurTags":"soloveitchik","ShiurIsFile":true,"shiurMaterials":[],"shiurLastViewed":null,"shiurIsPlayed":false,"shiurBookmarkTimeStamp":null,"shiurDatePlayed":null,"shiurProgressPercent":null,"shiurDataHref":"https://yutorah.org/sidebar/lecturedata?shiurID=767853","shiurCanBeDownloaded":1,"shiurDuration":"1 hr 33 min","shiurHref":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/767853/YisroVayehi-MimacharasAppointment-of-JudgesMinu'i-DayanimPart-1","mediaTypeCategory":"audio","downloadURL":"https://download.yutorah.org/1973/1053/767853/yisro---vayehi-mimacharas---appointment-of-judges---minu%27i-dayanim---part-1.mp3","shiurDateSubmittedFormatted":"2012-01-08","shiurDateSubmittedText":"Jan 8, 2012","shiurDateSubmittedText2":"Jan 8, 2012","shiurInSpotLight":false,"shiurVisible":true,"shiurSpotlightDate":null,"shiurUserId":5515},{"shiurID":767854,"shiurTitle":"Yisro - Vayehi Mimacharas - Appointment of Judges - Minu'i Dayanim - Part 2","shiurDescription":"with appreciation to Rabbi David Etengoff for collecting and cataloging these shiurim.","shiurText":null,"shiurDate":"1973-01-29T00:00:00","shiurDateSubmitted":null,"shiurMediaType":"MP3","shiurLectureURL":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/767854/YisroVayehi-MimacharasAppointment-of-JudgesMinu'i-DayanimPart-2","shiurURL":"/1973/1053/767854.MP3","shiurLanguage":"EN","shiurFileURL":"https://shiurim.yutorah.net/1973/1053/767854.MP3?redirect=download.yutorah.org","shiurLengthDate":"1900-01-01T00:46:23.34","shiurLength":"00:46:23.3400000","shiurSeries":null,"shiurSeriesName":null,"shiurVenueName":null,"shiurVenue":null,"shiurPublication":null,"shiurTeachers":[{"shiurID":767854,"teacherID":80186,"teacherName":"Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik","teacherPhotoURL":"https://cdnyutorah.cachefly.net/_images/roshei_yeshiva/yosef_d._soloveichik.jpg","teacherAlbumURL":"https://cdnyutorah.cachefly.net/_images/roshei_yeshiva/_default.jpg","teacherEmail":null,"teacherBio":"Rabbi Soloveitchik was born in Pruzhan, Poland, the son of Rabbi Moshe Soloveitchik zt’l, and grandson of Rabbi Chaim HaLevi zt’l. At the time, Rabbi Moshe was living with his father-in-law, Rabbi Eliyahu Feinstein zt’I, rabbi of Pruzhan and author of Teshuvot Halichot Eliyahu. Rabbi Yosef Dov studied with his father, whom he considered to be his foremost teacher, until the age of 23. In the final year of Rabbi Chaim’s life, he moved to Warsaw where his son, Rabbi Moshe, was living at the time. During that year, Rabbi Yosef Dov studied together with his vaunted grandfather. Several years later he began university studies in Berlin while continuing his immersion in Torah. In Berlin, he met Rabbi Chaim Heller zt’l, with whom he developed a close and lasting relationship. He also encountered Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson zt’l who was later appointed the rebbe of Chabad.\r\n
\r\nDuring this period, Rabbi Yosef Dov made frequent visits to the city of Vilna where he became a favorite of Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzinski and other leading Lithuanian gaonim. In 1932, he moved to America and settled in Boston. He founded Yeshivat Rambam—the Maimonides School—and delivered weekly shiurim there for many years. In 1941, he succeeded his father, upon the latter’s passing, as rosh yeshiva at the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, commuting from Boston to New York each week. His shiurim in halakhah and aggadah, which reached to the ends of the Jewish world, made a profound impact on Torah learning in our times. They continued for decades until he was compelled to stop due to an illness which overtook him several years before his demise. In addition to the shiurim which he delivered at the yeshiva and in Boston, he delivered a shiur every Tuesday evening at the Moriah Synagogue in Manhattan to overflow audiences.\r\n
\r\nRabbi Yosef Dov served as the Honorary President of the Agudath HaRabbonim of America, and became the rebbe and chief mentor of the Rabbinic Council of America (RCA), as well as the chief intellectual and spiritual force of Mizrachi, at whose gatherings he delivered lectures several times every year.\r\n
\r\nAfter the passing of his wife z’l in 1967, he began giving additional shiurim during the summer months in Boston to his students and to the RCA.\r\n
\r\nRabbi Yosef Dov was the most influential figure associated with the spread of Torah in America, and he was singularly known as “the Rav.”","landingPageURL":"https://yutorah.org/teachers/Rabbi-Joseph-B.-Soloveitchik"}],"shiurSubcategories":[234019],"shiurSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurGroupedSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurTags":"soloveitchik","ShiurIsFile":true,"shiurMaterials":[],"shiurLastViewed":null,"shiurIsPlayed":false,"shiurBookmarkTimeStamp":null,"shiurDatePlayed":null,"shiurProgressPercent":null,"shiurDataHref":"https://yutorah.org/sidebar/lecturedata?shiurID=767854","shiurCanBeDownloaded":1,"shiurDuration":"46 min","shiurHref":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/767854/YisroVayehi-MimacharasAppointment-of-JudgesMinu'i-DayanimPart-2","mediaTypeCategory":"audio","downloadURL":"https://download.yutorah.org/1973/1053/767854/yisro---vayehi-mimacharas---appointment-of-judges---minu%27i-dayanim---part-2.mp3","shiurDateSubmittedFormatted":"2012-01-08","shiurDateSubmittedText":"Jan 8, 2012","shiurDateSubmittedText2":"Jan 8, 2012","shiurInSpotLight":false,"shiurVisible":true,"shiurSpotlightDate":null,"shiurUserId":5515},{"shiurID":772147,"shiurTitle":" Parshas Yisro Why Yisro Specifically Redesigned Moshes Court System","shiurDescription":" Parshas Yisro Why Yisro Specifically Redesigned Moshes Court System","shiurText":null,"shiurDate":"2012-02-07T00:00:00","shiurDateSubmitted":null,"shiurMediaType":"MP3","shiurLectureURL":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/772147/Parshas-Yisro-Why-Yisro-Specifically-Redesigned-Moshes-Court-System","shiurURL":"/2012/926/772147.MP3","shiurLanguage":"EN","shiurFileURL":"https://shiurim.yutorah.net/2012/926/772147.MP3?redirect=download.yutorah.org","shiurLengthDate":"1900-01-01T00:53:32.353","shiurLength":"00:53:32.3530000","shiurSeries":4024,"shiurSeriesName":null,"shiurVenueName":null,"shiurVenue":413,"shiurPublication":null,"shiurTeachers":[{"shiurID":772147,"teacherID":80502,"teacherName":"Rabbi Ari Zahtz","teacherPhotoURL":"https://cdnyutorah.cachefly.net/_images/roshei_yeshiva/ari_zahtz.jpg","teacherAlbumURL":"https://cdnyutorah.cachefly.net/_images/roshei_yeshiva/_default.jpg","teacherEmail":"azahtz@gmail.com","teacherBio":null,"landingPageURL":"https://yutorah.org/teachers/Rabbi-Ari-Zahtz"}],"shiurSubcategories":[234019],"shiurSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurGroupedSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurTags":"Parshas, Yisro, why, Yisro, Specifically, Redesigned, Moshes, court, system","ShiurIsFile":true,"shiurMaterials":[],"shiurLastViewed":null,"shiurIsPlayed":false,"shiurBookmarkTimeStamp":null,"shiurDatePlayed":null,"shiurProgressPercent":null,"shiurDataHref":"https://yutorah.org/sidebar/lecturedata?shiurID=772147","shiurCanBeDownloaded":1,"shiurDuration":"53 min","shiurHref":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/772147/Parshas-Yisro-Why-Yisro-Specifically-Redesigned-Moshes-Court-System","mediaTypeCategory":"audio","downloadURL":"https://download.yutorah.org/2012/926/772147/-parshas-yisro-why-yisro-specifically-redesigned-moshes-court-system.mp3","shiurDateSubmittedFormatted":"2012-02-07","shiurDateSubmittedText":"Feb 7, 2012","shiurDateSubmittedText2":"Feb 7, 2012","shiurInSpotLight":false,"shiurVisible":true,"shiurSpotlightDate":null,"shiurUserId":926},{"shiurID":772124,"shiurTitle":"Yitro: What Kind of A Courtroom Is This?","shiurDescription":null,"shiurText":null,"shiurDate":"2012-02-07T00:00:00","shiurDateSubmitted":null,"shiurMediaType":"MP3","shiurLectureURL":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/772124/Yitro:-What-Kind-of-A-Courtroom-Is-This?","shiurURL":"/2012/7851/772124.MP3","shiurLanguage":"EN","shiurFileURL":"https://shiurim.yutorah.net/2012/7851/772124.MP3?redirect=download.yutorah.org","shiurLengthDate":"1900-01-01T00:15:16.61","shiurLength":"00:15:16.6100000","shiurSeries":null,"shiurSeriesName":null,"shiurVenueName":null,"shiurVenue":617,"shiurPublication":null,"shiurTeachers":[{"shiurID":772124,"teacherID":81015,"teacherName":"Rabbi Eliezer Zwickler","teacherPhotoURL":"https://cdnyutorah.cachefly.net/_images/roshei_yeshiva/eliezer_zwickler.jpg","teacherAlbumURL":"https://cdnyutorah.cachefly.net/_images/roshei_yeshiva/_default.jpg","teacherEmail":null,"teacherBio":"Rabbi Zwickler received Rabbinic ordination from the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary of Yeshiva University and earned a Bachelors Degree in History from Yeshiva College. He also holds a Masters Degree in Social Work from the Yeshiva University Wurzweiler School of Social Work as well as Masters Degree in Secondary Jewish Education from the Azrielli Graduate School of Yeshiva University. Rabbi Zwickler previously taught Special Education for 5 years at the PTACH program at Yeshiva University High School while serving as Assistant Rabbi of Congregation AABJ&D. Rabbi Zwickler serves on the Executive Committee of the Joseph Kushner Hebrew Academy & Rae Kushner Yeshiva High School, in Livingston, NJ. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the Rabbinic Council of America, co-president of the Va’ad Hakashrus of Metrowest and a member of the Board of Trustees of the UJC of Metrowest..","landingPageURL":"https://yutorah.org/teachers/Rabbi-Eliezer-Zwickler"}],"shiurSubcategories":[234019],"shiurSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurGroupedSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurTags":"Yitro, parshat","ShiurIsFile":true,"shiurMaterials":[],"shiurLastViewed":null,"shiurIsPlayed":false,"shiurBookmarkTimeStamp":null,"shiurDatePlayed":null,"shiurProgressPercent":null,"shiurDataHref":"https://yutorah.org/sidebar/lecturedata?shiurID=772124","shiurCanBeDownloaded":1,"shiurDuration":"15 min","shiurHref":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/772124/Yitro:-What-Kind-of-A-Courtroom-Is-This?","mediaTypeCategory":"audio","downloadURL":"https://download.yutorah.org/2012/7851/772124/yitro-what-kind-of-a-courtroom-is-this.mp3","shiurDateSubmittedFormatted":"2012-02-07","shiurDateSubmittedText":"Feb 7, 2012","shiurDateSubmittedText2":"Feb 7, 2012","shiurInSpotLight":false,"shiurVisible":true,"shiurSpotlightDate":null,"shiurUserId":7851},{"shiurID":755310,"shiurTitle":"Yitro - A Long Day In Court","shiurDescription":null,"shiurText":null,"shiurDate":"2011-01-18T00:00:00","shiurDateSubmitted":null,"shiurMediaType":"MP3","shiurLectureURL":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/755310/YitroA-Long-Day-In-Court","shiurURL":"http://www.aabjd.org/admin/Media/parshathashavuah/yitro.mp3","shiurLanguage":"EN","shiurFileURL":"http://www.aabjd.org/admin/Media/parshathashavuah/yitro.mp3","shiurLengthDate":null,"shiurLength":null,"shiurSeries":null,"shiurSeriesName":null,"shiurVenueName":null,"shiurVenue":617,"shiurPublication":null,"shiurTeachers":[{"shiurID":755310,"teacherID":81015,"teacherName":"Rabbi Eliezer Zwickler","teacherPhotoURL":"https://cdnyutorah.cachefly.net/_images/roshei_yeshiva/eliezer_zwickler.jpg","teacherAlbumURL":"https://cdnyutorah.cachefly.net/_images/roshei_yeshiva/_default.jpg","teacherEmail":null,"teacherBio":"Rabbi Zwickler received Rabbinic ordination from the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary of Yeshiva University and earned a Bachelors Degree in History from Yeshiva College. He also holds a Masters Degree in Social Work from the Yeshiva University Wurzweiler School of Social Work as well as Masters Degree in Secondary Jewish Education from the Azrielli Graduate School of Yeshiva University. Rabbi Zwickler previously taught Special Education for 5 years at the PTACH program at Yeshiva University High School while serving as Assistant Rabbi of Congregation AABJ&D. Rabbi Zwickler serves on the Executive Committee of the Joseph Kushner Hebrew Academy & Rae Kushner Yeshiva High School, in Livingston, NJ. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the Rabbinic Council of America, co-president of the Va’ad Hakashrus of Metrowest and a member of the Board of Trustees of the UJC of Metrowest..","landingPageURL":"https://yutorah.org/teachers/Rabbi-Eliezer-Zwickler"}],"shiurSubcategories":[234019],"shiurSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurGroupedSubcategoriesObj":null,"shiurTags":"Yitro","ShiurIsFile":false,"shiurMaterials":[],"shiurLastViewed":null,"shiurIsPlayed":false,"shiurBookmarkTimeStamp":null,"shiurDatePlayed":null,"shiurProgressPercent":null,"shiurDataHref":"https://yutorah.org/sidebar/lecturedata?shiurID=755310","shiurCanBeDownloaded":1,"shiurDuration":"","shiurHref":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/755310/YitroA-Long-Day-In-Court","mediaTypeCategory":"audio","downloadURL":"http://www.aabjd.org/admin/Media/parshathashavuah/yitro.mp3","shiurDateSubmittedFormatted":"2011-01-18","shiurDateSubmittedText":"Jan 18, 2011","shiurDateSubmittedText2":"Jan 18, 2011","shiurInSpotLight":false,"shiurVisible":true,"shiurSpotlightDate":null,"shiurUserId":7851},{"shiurID":789695,"shiurTitle":"Parshas Yitro Shiur 71","shiurDescription":"Second Aliyah","shiurText":null,"shiurDate":"2013-01-31T00:00:00","shiurDateSubmitted":null,"shiurMediaType":"MP3","shiurLectureURL":"https://yutorah.org/lectures/789695/Parshas-Yitro-Shiur-71","shiurURL":"/2013/12679/789695.MP3","shiurLanguage":"EN","shiurFileURL":"https://shiurim.yutorah.net/2013/12679/789695.MP3?redirect=download.yutorah.org","shiurLengthDate":"1900-01-01T01:09:44.977","shiurLength":"01:09:44.9770000","shiurSeries":4000,"shiurSeriesName":null,"shiurVenueName":null,"shiurVenue":null,"shiurPublication":null,"shiurTeachers":[{"shiurID":789695,"teacherID":80056,"teacherName":"Rabbi Daniel Z. 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This is so very different from what is portrayed by other faith systems, where religious leaders are always infallible and never depicted as mistaken or ever saying or doing anything wrong.","shiurText":"
In our previous studies of parashat Yitro 5760-2000, we spoke of Israel’s encounter with Jethro and the non-Jewish world. Through the example of Jethro, the Torah teaches that there is much to learn from the non-Jewish world and that Jews must not be dismissive of ideas, simply because their origins are non-Jewish.
In parashat Yitro, we learn that Jethro is given a royal welcome by Moses when he arrives from Midian, together with Moses’ wife, Tzipporah, and Moses’ two sons. Jethro, who had spent most of his life as a pagan priest in Midian, notices how Moses sits in judgment of the Jewish people from morning until evening. Jethro admonishes his son-in-law, Moses, saying (Exodus 18:14): “Mah ha’davar ha’zeh ah’sher ah’tah o’seh lah’ahm, ma’doo’ah ah’tah yo’shayv l’vah’deh’chah v’chol ha’ahm nee’tzav ah’leh’chah min boker ahd ah’rev?” What is this thing that you do to the people? Why do you sit alone with all the people standing by you from morning until evening?
To explain his actions, Moses tells Jethro that it is his function to adjudicate matters that come up between the litigants and decide the law. Jethro warns Moses that what he is doing is not good. Deciding everything alone will wear Moses out, as well as the people. Says Jethro, “This matter is too hard for you, you will not be able to do it alone.”
Jethro then advises Moses to establish a representative judicial system, with leaders of thousands, leaders of hundreds, leaders of fifties and leaders of tens, who will judge the people at all times and bring only the major matters to Moses. It is only in this manner, says Jethro, that you, Moses, will be able to endure, and the entire people shall arrive at their destination in peace.
In our previous analysis of this encounter, we noted the revolutionary nature of the Torah, refusing to dismiss good advice that comes from non-Jewish sources, and prominently featuring the advice of a gentile in the Torah. However, what is far more fascinating than featuring Jethro’s advice, is the Torah’s portrayal of Moses as inefficiently and ineffectively sitting in judgment of the Jewish people.
Surely, the Torah could have simply stated that, soon after his arrival, Jethro advised Moses how to set up an effective judicial system. But the Torah does not do so. Instead, Scripture adds the very juicy, negative description of Moses’ failings as a judge, implying that Moses was either unwilling to share the limelight with others or felt that the others were simply not sufficiently competent to do the job properly. In any case, the Torah portrays Moses’ initial judicial activities as a great failure.
The Torah surely could have conveyed its important message, without emphasizing the failure of Moses.
This, of course, is not the first time the Torah shows the dark side of Moses. In Exodus 3:18, G-d tells Moses that the people will listen to him. Moses, however, rebuts G-d in Exodus 4:1 by saying, “But, they will not believe me, nor hearken to my voice!” So much for the perfect, sensitive leader.
Moses is again portrayed (Exodus 33:19) as having lost his temper when he beholds the Israelites dancing and rejoicing around the Golden Calf. In anger, Moses casts down and shatters the tablets containing the holy Ten Commandments.
Moses, again, in the late stages of his life, loses his patience with the Jewish people and demands of them (Numbers 20:10): “Hear now you rebels, will we surely take water out of this stone?” Instead of speaking to the stone, Moses hits the stone, bringing great punishment upon himself, and losing the right to enter the Promised Land.
The great leader Moses, the greatest leader of all times, is depicted by Scripture as being a truly fallible person.
But Moses is not the only one that the Torah portrays in a negative light. Abraham, the great religious leader, expels his wife and young child from his home into the barren wilderness, with only a morsel of bread and a flask of water (Genesis 21:14). King David is accused by the prophet Nathan of being a murderer when he has Batsheva’s husband placed on the front lines, so that David will be able to marry the beautiful widow (II Samuel 12:7-9). The prophet Jonah is excoriated for refusing to fulfil the Divine request to bear the message of repentance to the people of Nineveh, and for trying, unsuccessfully, to flee from G-d (Jonah 4:10-11).
Not only does the Torah revolutionize theology by declaring that Jewish religious leaders are fallible, it goes much further, frequently highlighting the shortcomings of Judaism’s greatest religious leaders. This is so very different from what is portrayed by other faith systems, where religious leaders are infallible and never depicted as mistaken or ever saying or doing anything wrong.
Judaism shows the dark side of its great leaders because Judaism is of the belief that religious constituents can learn much from the shortcomings of their leaders and the fallibilities of great people. Judaism appreciates that real life is not about fantasies and false idyllic portraits. It prefers true-to-life models, rather than paradigms of perfection that can never be replicated by others.
We see then that the dark side may really be a light side. It is a most effective way to educate mortals, who are fallible, to inspire them to self-improvement. These lessons are unique in the annals of human history. We must be proud that we have a share in these immortal lessons, and seek to emulate them in our own life experiences.
May you be blessed.
On Wednesday night and Thursday, January 19th and 20th, we celebrate Tu B’Shevat, the fifteenth day of the Hebrew month of Shevat, the New Year for trees. In Israel, it symbolizes the beginning of Spring. On Tu B’Shevat it is customary for Jews to eat species of fruit that grow in the land of Israel.
http://rabbibuchwald.njop.org
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